Wave optics

 Wave Optics


Wave optics, also known as physical optics, studies the behavior of light as a wave, including its interactions with matter.


Key Concepts


1. Wavefront: Surface of constant phase.

2. Interference: Overlapping light waves forming new patterns.

3. Diffraction: Light bending around obstacles or through small openings.

4. Coherence: Light waves having a fixed phase relationship.


Applications


1. Holography: Creating 3D images using interference patterns.

2. Interferometry: Measuring small changes using interference patterns.

3. Diffraction Gratings: Separating light into its spectral components.


Principles

1. Huygens' Principle: Every point on a wavefront acts as a source.

2. Superposition: Light waves overlap to form new patterns.

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