Mechanism of electrolysis

The mechanism of electrolysis involves:


1. Ionization: The electrolyte (ionic solution or molten substance) dissociates into ions.

2. Electrode reactions:

    - Anode (positive electrode): Oxidation occurs, releasing electrons

         (e.g., 2Cl^- → Cl2 + 2e^-)

    - Cathode (negative electrode): Reduction occurs, gaining electrons

         (e.g., 2H^+ + 2e^- → H2)

3. Ion migration: Ions move towards the electrodes under the influence of the electric field.

4. Electron transfer: Electrons are transferred between the electrodes and ions, driving the chemical reactions.


This process allows for the decomposition of substances, deposition of metals, or formation of new compounds.


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