Free and Bound Charges

 Free and Bound Charges:


1. Free Charges: Charges that can move freely within a material, such as electrons in a conductor.

2. Bound Charges: Charges that are tightly bound to atoms or molecules and cannot move freely, such as electrons in an insulator.


Key differences:


1. Mobility: Free charges can move, while bound charges are fixed.

2. Conductivity: Free charges enable conductivity in materials.


Examples:


1. Conductors: Metals have free electrons.

2. Insulators: Materials like glass or rubber have bound charges

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