Solutions of solids in liquids

 Solutions of solids in liquids

Solubility of a solid in a liquid

The solubility of a solid in a liquid refers to the maximum amount of solid that can dissolve in a given amount of liquid at a particular temperature and pressure.


Factors affecting solubility:


1. Temperature: Solubility often increases with temperature.

2. Pressure: Pressure has a negligible effect on solubility for solids in liquids.

3. Nature of solute and solvent: "Like dissolves like" principle applies.


Types of solubility:


1. Saturated solution: Maximum amount of solid dissolved.

2. Unsaturated solution: Less than maximum amount dissolved.

3. Supersaturated solution: More than maximum amount dissolved (unstable).


Applications:


1. Crystallization

2. Solution preparation

3. Pharmaceutical industry


Example

1. Sugar (solid) dissolving in water (liquid) to make a sweet solution.

2. Salt (sodium chloride) dissolving in water to make saline solution.

3. Coffee powder (solid) dissolving in hot water (liquid) to make coffee.


Real-life applications:


1. Medicines: Many medicines are solids that need to be dissolved in liquids for administration.

2. Food: Sugar, salt, and spices are often dissolved in liquids to enhance flavor.

3. Industrial processes: Solubility plays a crucial role in various industrial processes, such as crystallization and extraction.



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