Potential energy of a dipole in a uniform electric field

 Potential Energy of a Dipole in a Uniform Electric Field:


U = -pE cosθ


Where:


1. U = potential energy

2. p = dipole moment

3. E = electric field strength

4. θ = angle between dipole moment and electric field


Minimum and Maximum Potential Energy:


1. U<sub>min</sub> = -pE (θ = 0°)

2. U<sub>max</sub> = pE (θ = 180°)


Dipole Alignment:


The dipole tends to align with the electric field to minimize its potential energy.

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